Discussion on moxibustion practice of the Han medical bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei and Juyan regions of Gansu province / 中国针灸

Through collecting the relevant moxibustion records of Han medical bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei and Juyan regions of Gansu province, the situation and characteristics of clinical practice of moxibustion were summarized. In Wuwei Han medical bamboo slips, the contraindications of moxibustion were recorded, with age and time involved. Juyan Han medical bamboo slips mainly recorded the methods of moxibustion at the acupoints located on the back of the body, with clear emphasis and requirement of acupoint selection, single acupoint moxibustion and moxibustion quantity (the numbers of moxa cone) included. These records on bamboo slips initially display the practice and development of moxibustion in Gansu and other northwestern regions of China in the Han Dynasty, providing a certain instruction for the literature research of moxibustion of the excavated Han medical bamboo slips.

Advances in Pharmacological Studies of Patchouli Alcohol / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Patchouli Alcohol (PA) is the main bioactive constituent of Pogostemon cablin Pharmacological researches have reported various benefits of PA, including anti-infammatory, anti-gastric ulcer, anticancer, protecting against alung and brain injury, antibacterial, prevention of mastitis, colitis and arteriosclerosis, anti-photoaging, treatment of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome, antioxidant stress, vasodilation and anti-injury.The preliminary study on the mechanism showed that anti-inflammatory effect was related to the down-regulation of mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the reduction of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation.The anti-gastric ulcer, protection of lung injury and brain injury and anti-photoaging were related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.The mechanism of anti-human leukemic cell line MV4-11 migh be associated with the changes of NF-κB, phosphorylated M2 pyruvate kinase (p-PKM2) and cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) protein expressions.The proposed mechanisms of anti-human colorectal cancer cells included the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-2 expression and HDAC enzyme activity, and subsequent downregulation of c-myc and activation of NF-κB pathway.Apoptosis of A549 cells was induced by blocking the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway and activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Anti-prostate cancer was related to the activation of mitochondrial cytochrome C apoptosis pathway, and its antiviral effect may be related to the regulation of RIG-1-like helicases (RLH) signal pathway or the direct binding of virus protein or nucleic acid and the binding site of virus to cells to block the adsorption of virus to cells.The mechanism of its antibacterial, prevention of mastitis, colitis and arteriosclerosis was closely related to anti-inflammation.The pharmacological effects of PA need to be further studied.In order to accelerate the exploration and discovery other molecular mechanism of PA, and expand its application prospects.This review comprehensively summarizes the metabolism, biological activities, and possible mechanism of PA, in order to provide references for the development and application of PA.

Research progress on acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis / 医学研究生学报

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. In recent years, studies have found that the morbidity of IPF is significantly underestimated. Therefore, IPF has caused widely concern. Acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IFP) is an independent risk factor for IPF prognosis and the most common cause of death in IPF patients. Due to the high mortality of AE-IPF, its prognosis is devastating. In this review, many aspects of AE-IPF, such as the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic standards, management and prognosis, etc, are described according to the latest research, and prospects for research trends in diagnosis and management are provided.

Antagonistic effect of vitamin E on di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the antagonistic effect of vitamin E (VE) on male reproductive toxicity induced by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in pubertal SD rats and its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty 5-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, corn oil control, low-dose (10 mg/kg/d), medium-dose (100 mg/kg/d) and high-dose DEHP exposure (500 mg/kg/d), and VE intervention (high-dose DEHP + VE ［100 mg/kg/d］), and treated respectively for 30 successive days. At 3 days after treatment, the testes of the animals were harvested for determination of the oxidative stress index, serum reproductive hormone levels, cauda epididymal sperm parameters, and expressions of cell apoptosis-related genes and proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the rats of the medium- and high-dose DEHP groups showed significant decreases in the levels of such serum reproductive hormones as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T), sperm parameters as average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN) and wobble (WOB), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px), but significant increases were observed in the latter two groups in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)(［3.32±0.87］ nmol/mg pro vs ［2.13±0.49］ nmol/ mg pro), mRNA expressions of Bad, Bax, Cytochrome C, Caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and protein expressions of Cytochrome C and Caspase-3. In comparison with the high-dose DEHP group, the VE intervention group exhibited remarkably increased serum LH and T levels, sperm VAP, VSL, VCL, STR and WOB, and activities of SOD and GSH-Px, but markedly decreased mRNA expressions of Bad, Bax, Cytochrome C, Caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as the protein expressions of Cytochrome C and Caspase-3 in the testis tissue (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Exposure to DEHP induces androgen secretion disorders, causes oxidative damage to the testicular tissue, activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in the testis, and ultimately reduces the quality of epididymal sperm, while VE can protect the rat testis from DEHP-induced reproductive toxicity.</p>

Clinical study on endoscopic closure of gastrointestinal fistula using the over-the-scope-clip system / 医学研究生学报

Objective Gastrointestinal fistula is a serious complication after operation. It is reported that the over-the-scope-clip(OTSC) can close intestinal full-thickness wall and treat gastrointestinal fistula effectively. This study was to investigate the efficacy of OTSC in the treatment of gastrointestinal fistula.Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 28 postoperative patients with gastrointestinal fistula who underwent endoscopic closure using OTSC in Endoscopy Center of Research Institute of General Surgery in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2017, and recorded the course of disease, the site of gastrointestinal fistula, the diameter of fistula and the efficacy of OTSC. Patients with successful closure were followed up for half a year after hospital discharge to observe the recurrence of fistula.Results Endoscopic closure with OTSC was successful in all the 28 patients without complications like bleeding and falling off. In the sinus tract or digestive tract radiography at 1-2 weeks after OTSC closure, 23 patients were successful in endoscopic closure(82.14%). In the six months′ follow-up of 23 patients with successful treatment, 4 patients were lost to follow-up and 19 patients were successful without recurrence of fistula.Conclusion The endoscopic closure of gastrointestinal fistula using OTSC is safe and effective, avoiding reoperation and reducing trauma.

Development method of fingerprint of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills based on analytical quality by design (AQbD) / 中草药

Objective To study the development of analytical quality by design (AQbD) method for the identification of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) by UPLC-UV. Methods The number of peaks and the target peak content (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1) were taken as the analytical target profile (ATP), Plackett-Burman design (PBD) method was used to select critical method parameters (CMPs) and critical method attributes (CMAs) on the basis of risk assessment, and then the response model between CMAs and CMPs was established by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal conditions were obtained via multivariable regression analysis and verified. Results From the seven factors of risk assessment, the flow rate (A), sample weight (B), and C18 column weight (C) were selected as CMPs. And CMAs were the number of peaks (N), notoginsenoside R1 (CR1) and ginsenoside Re (CRe). The variation trends of each factor and model were analyzed by response surface analysis. The optimal conditions were as follows: flow rate of 0.28 mL/min, sample weight of 0.30 g, and C18 column weight of 1.10 g. Under the conditions, N was 12, CR1 was 1.676 5 mg/g, and CRe was 0.669 6 mg/g, with differences of 1.34%, 1.33%, and 2.94% respectively from the predictive values. The final method was as follows: chromatographic column was Acquity UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient elution, detection wavelength was 203 nm, column temperature was 30 ℃, flow rate was 0.28 mL/min, and injection volume was 2 μL. Conclusion The results prove that the method is reliable.

Progress on role of exosomes derived from leukemia cells / 中国病理生理杂志

Exosomes are bilayer-lipid membrane nanovesicle from almost all living cell types which are in-volved in intercellular substance transporting and signaling communication .Exosomes are 30 ~120 nm in diameter , can transfer bioactive molecules including DNA , RNA, microRNA, protein as well as lipids derived from parents ' cells to re-cipient cells by body fluids , and specifically influence their physiological or pathological conditions .Leukemia is due to malignant proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells .It was reported that leukemia cells derived exosomes play a key role in disease progression , drug resistance , and predict prognosis .This paper will outline the role of exosomes de-rived from leukemia cells and provide important information to help explore the molecular pathogenesis , biomarker as well as therapeutic target of leukemia .

Removal of lipopolysaccharides from anti-complementary crude polysaccharides of Houttuynia Herba / 中国中药杂志

An Affi-Prep Polymyxin column was combined with a Phenyl Sepharose column and a Sephacryl S-300 column, respectively, to remove the lipopolysaccharides(LPS) in the anti-complementary crude polysaccharides of Houttuynia Herba. The contents of LPS in the polysaccharides were determined by chromogenic tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)method during the procedure of purifying. The anti-complementary activities of the polysaccharides were also compared before and after the removal of LPS. Less remanent LPS was detected after purified using Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column, with the clearance rate of 42.85%. All the columns had no effect on the anti-complementary activity of the polysaccharides. Penyl Sepharose combined with polymyxin column would be sound for LPS removal of the anti-complementary polysaccharides without reducing their bioactivity.

Advances in research of chemical constituents and pharmacological activites of Cercis Linn / 中国药学杂志

METHODS: Literatures of experimental study on Cercis Linn, at home and abroad were consulted and summarized.

Advances of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Myristica genus / 中国中药杂志

The genus Myristica (Myristicaceae) consists of 120 species, which were distributed in South Asia, from west Polynesia, Oceania, eastern India to the Philippines. Phytochemical studies showed that 164 compounds including a majority of lignans, along with phenglpropanoids, flavonoids and phenolics, have been isolated from this genus, which exhibited anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hyperglycemic and hepatic protective activities. This article summarizes research progress of the chemical compositions and their pharmacological activities from this genus, which could provide reference for the in-depth development and utilization of the Myristica plants.

Mutation frequency analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Chinese population / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)is a common inherited eye disease,which generally affects young adults with bilateral loss of central vision.Mutation frequency of Leber hereditary has not been fully clarified. Objective This study was to investigate the mutation frequency of mitochondrial NDI gene associated with LHON in Chinese population. Methods The proposal of the study was approved by Ethic Committee of Wenzhou Medical College.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject initial of this trial.Eight hundred and ninety-four LHON patients and 134 normal subjects were collected.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the all participants.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial ND1 gene was performed and aligned with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence(rCRS) of mitochondrial DNA.Then mutated gene frequency was screened and analyzed. Results Mutational analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene in 894 LHON patients revealed the presence of G3316A,T3394C,G3460A,C3497T,G3635A,G3733A,and T4216C.11.19％ LHON patients (100/894 ) were found to be associated with the gene mutations mentioned above,and 3.24％ patients (29/894) showed the co-occurrence of three primary mutations.Mutation frequencies in LHON patients were 2.57％,2.23％,1.45％,3.80％,0.67％,0.11％,0.34％,respectively,and G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C also were detected in 134 normal controls with the mutation frequencies of 4.48％,2.99％,4.48％ and 1.49％,respectively.Mutation frequency analysis showed an insignificant difference in the mutations of G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C between LHON patients and normal controls (x2 =0.926,P=0.336;x2 =0.052,P=0.820; x2 =0.142,P=0.707;P=0.129).G3376A,G3496T,G3700A,A4136G,T4160C and C4171A were absent in Chinese LHON patients. Conclusions Mitoehondrial ND1 gene in LHON is a mutational hotspot in Chinese population,11.19％ (100/894)associated with LHON was caused by ND1 gene mutation.G3635A,G3733A may be rare pathological mutation in Chinese population.However,G3316A,T3394C,C3497T and T4216C are insufficient to produce the clinical phenotype,but they may play a synergic role for penetrance and phenotypic manifestation in LHON.

Study on the molecular-epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 in Shenzhen, 1992- 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HW-1 subtype in Shenzhen from 1992 to 2008.Methods 489 HIV-1 positive plasma samples were collected from 1992 to 2008 in Shenzhen.HIV-1 env genes were amplified by nested-PCR from RNA.Phylogenetic analysis was performed on data regarding the nucleotide sequence.Results A total of 464 sequences were amplified and genotyped.Data from this study revealed that CRF01_AE was a predominant HIV-1 subtype in Shenzhen (64.4％,299/464),followed by subtypes CRF_BC( 17.5％,81/464),B'( 14.7％,68/464) and B (2.4％,11/464).Subtype C (0.4％,2/464),A1 (0.2％,1/464),CRF02_AG(0.2％,1/464) and CRF06_cpx (0.2％,1/464) were also prevalent in Shenzhen.CRF01_AE and CRF_BC were predominant among heterosexuals,homosexuals and injection drug users,while B'was predominant among blood donors.Results from phylogenetic tree analysis showed that some of the HIV-1 clusters had been defined in CRF01_AE strains at different time or groups with different transmission routes.Cross-infections were also seen.Conclusion CRF01_AE was the predominant HIV-1 subtype in Shenzhen while CRF_BC,B,B',C,A1,CRF02_AG and a small amount of CRF06_cpx or recombinant subtypes were prevalent in this city.Different subtypes showed great variation in the process of epidemics.

The mitochondrial tRNA(Thr) A15951G mutation may be associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in two Chinese families / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore clinical, genetic and molecular features of two Chinese Han families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ophthalmologic examinations revealed variable severity and age-at-onset of visual loss among probands and other matrilineal relatives of both families. The families exhibited extremely low penetrance of visual impairment. The entire mitochondrial genome of two probands was amplified by PCR in 24 overlapping fragments using sets of oligonucleotide primers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sequence analysis of complete mitochondrial genome in the pedigrees excluded three common LHON associated mutations G11778A, G3460A and T14484C, but revealed the presence of a known homoplasmic tRNA(Thr) A15951G mutation. It also showed distinct sets of mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to Eastern Asian haplogroup D4b1. The A15951G mutation is located at the extremely conserved nucleotide (conventional position 71) of tRNA(Thr). Thus, this mutation may alter the structure and stability of mitochondrial tRNA(Thr), thereby leading to a failure in the tRNA metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, causing visual impairment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that the A15951G mutation might be involved in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in the two families.</p>

Epidemic trend and evolution of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains isolated from 1992 through 2008 in Shenzhen district / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalent status of CRF01_AE strains of recombinant HIV-1 in Shenzhen and their source of infection in order to predict the epidemic trend and evolution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 489 samples of HIV-1 positive plasma were collected from 1992 to 2008 in Shenzhen. HIV-1 Env genes were amplified by nested-PCR from RNA. Subtype analysis were performed on the nucleotide sequence data. CRF01_AE sequences were analyzed by phylogenetic methods and characterized by calculating the genetic distance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 300 CRF01_AE strain sequences were amplified, accounting for 64.5% of all genotyped samples of all the 465 samples. The CRF01_AE strains of recombinant in 1992 - 1999, 2000 - 2005 and 2006 - 2008 accounted for 56.8% (21/37), 68.4% (78/114) and 64.0% (201/314) of genotyped samples, respectively. And in these three periods of times, 52.4% (11/21), 43.6% (34/78) and 45.8% (92/201) were heterosexually acquired adults; 4.8% (1/21), 0.0% (0/78) and 22.4% (45/201) were homosexually acquired adults; 19.0% (4/21), 51.3% (40/78), 30.8% (62/210) were intravenous drug users, respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that HIV samples from different period of time showed distinct aggregation in time and transmission as well as cross infection. The gene divergence rate of CRF01_AE strains in the three different periods of time were (8.783 ± 4.717)%, (11.054 ± 7.141)%, and (13.218 ± 4.080)%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CRF01_AE is the major epidemic strains in Shenzhen, which is transmitted through heterosexual contact, MSM and intravenous drug users. The gene variation increased gradually as time goes by.</p>

Laparoscopy-insisted vaginoplasty with peritoneum in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technique and therapeutic effect of laparoscopy-insisted vaginoplasty with peritoneum in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May. in the Fifth People' s Hospital of Shenzhen. The therapeutic effect was retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Laparoscopy-insisted vaginoplasty was successfully completely with peritoneum in patients with androgen in 4 cases. Ileumtivity segyndroment was used instead of peritoneum in one case. Open operation was not adopted in any cases. The ectopic testicles were removed during operation in 4 cases. The average operation time and bleeding volume was 60 min and 20 ml, respectively. Rectum, bladder and urethra were not injured in any case. The average vaginal length was 9 cm (range 8-10 cm) 21-28 days after operation. 6 months after operation, the surface of reconstructed vagina was smooth, ruddy and flexible, with satisfactory anatomical and functional results. Normal sexual activity was achieved in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopy-insisted vaginoplasty with peritoneum could be used for female patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome. The ectopic testicles should be removed. Estrogen supplement and psychological guide after operation are also important.</p>

Investigation on Mechanical Property of the Compound Scaffold of Sol-Gel Bioactive Glass/Collegan / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the mechanical prosperity and degradation rate of the scaffolds by compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass were studied in this paper，and that would provide the theoretical basis for the further application of collagen based scaffold. Method The scaffold by compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass (58S) were prepared using the freeze-drying techniques with the bioactive glass as phase addition. To affect the aggregation state of the collagen fibers with adjusting the supplementation of bioactive glass, then the microstructures of the compound scaffold would be different. At last, the compound scaffolds with different mechanical properties were prepared. Results (1) As the aggregation state of the collagen fibers changed, the scaffold with the coarser collagen fibers with the diameters 400-600nm approximately is prepared. The coarser collagen fibers would play an important role in improving the mechanical property and slowing down the degradation rate of the collagen based scaffolds. (2) The interactions between bioactive glass and collagen are studied by FTIR and Raman technologies. When the quality of content of collagen in the compound scaffold is lower than 20%, the secondary structure of collagen is damaged severely. Conclusions The composite scaffold with the mass ratio of collagen to bioactive glass to 40:60 has the best performance in mechanical property and degradation, which would be helpful for further applications

Investigation on mechanical property of the compound scaffold of Sol-Gel bioactive glass/collegan / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the mechanical prosperity and degradation rate of the scaffolds with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass were studied,and provide the theoretical basis for the further application of collagen based scaffolds.Method The scaffold with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass(58S)were prepared using the freeze-drying techniques with the bioactive glass as phase addition.By affecting the aggregation state of the collagen fibers with adjusting the supplementation of bioactive glass to change the microstructures of the compound scaffolds and finatly the compound scaffolds with different mechanical properties were prepared.Results (1)As the aggregation state of the collagen fibers changes,the scaffolds with the coarser collagen fibers is prepared with the diameters 400-600 nm approximately.The coarser collagen fibers will play an important role in improving the mechanical property and slowing down the degradation rate of the collagen based scaffolds.(2)The interactions between bioactive glass and collagen are studied by FTIR and Raman technologies.When the quality of content of collagen in the compound scaffolds is lower than 20%,the secondary structure of collagen is damaged severely.Conclusion The composite scaffolds with the mass ratio of collagen to bioactive glass 40:60 has the best performance in mechanical property and degradation,which will be helpful for further applications.

Investigation on mechanical property of the compound scaffold of Sol-Gel bioactive glass/collegan / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the mechanical prosperity and degradation rate of the scaffolds with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass were studied,and provide the theoretical basis for the further application of collagen based scaffolds.Method The scaffold with compounding collagen and the nano sol-gel derived bioactive glass(58S)were prepared using the freeze-drying techniques with the bioactive glass as phase addition.By affecting the aggregation state of the collagen fibers with adjusting the supplementation of bioactive glass to change the microstructures of the compound scaffolds and finatly the compound scaffolds with different mechanical properties were prepared.Results (1)As the aggregation state of the collagen fibers changes,the scaffolds with the coarser collagen fibers is prepared with the diameters 400-600 nm approximately.The coarser collagen fibers will play an important role in improving the mechanical property and slowing down the degradation rate of the collagen based scaffolds.(2)The interactions between bioactive glass and collagen are studied by FTIR and Raman technologies.When the quality of content of collagen in the compound scaffolds is lower than 20%,the secondary structure of collagen is damaged severely.Conclusion The composite scaffolds with the mass ratio of collagen to bioactive glass 40:60 has the best performance in mechanical property and degradation,which will be helpful for further applications.

Feasibility study of laparoscopic complicate myomectomy:analysis of 67 cases / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of complicate myomectomy.Methods Six- seven patients with complicated uterine myomas undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The myomectomy was done using ureteral infravision imaging system or/and with self-made myoma segregate-stick.Among the total,there are 29 cases of multiple myomas(the number of myomas≥5)and 23 cases of single myoma(the diameter of myoma≥7cm,including 19 cases of intramural myoma,4 cases of subserous myoma),6 cases of myoma of broad ligament of uterus and 9 cases of cervical myoma.Results All cases were performed successfully laparoscopically.No intra-operative laparotomy or complications occurred.The average operating time and blood loss were(114?32)min and(114?78)ml respectively. The average time of hospital stay was 5.1 d.The average operating time and blood loss in the group (including multiple myoma group,intramural myoma group and cervical myoma)were significantly exceeded the other groups(including myoma of broad ligament of uterus group and subserous myoma group). Conclusions Laparoscopic complicate myomectomy can be performed and the operation indication is enlarged using Ureteral Infravision Imaging System.Advancement in surgical instruments and expert operating skills are the key to operation success.